世界衛生組織《2019冠狀病毒病（COVID-19）2020年7月7日每日疫情報告》“焦點(diǎn)話(huà)題”

英文原文來(lái)源：世界衛生組織《2019冠狀病毒病（COVID-19）2020年7月7日每日疫情報告》，原文下載地址：https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200707-covid-19-sitrep-169.pdf?sfvrsn=c6c69c88_2

Subject in Focus: Developing trans-disciplinary science: infodemiology, the science behind infodemic management

焦點(diǎn)話(huà)題：發(fā)展跨學(xué)科科學(xué)——信息流行病學(xué)，管理信息流行病背后的科學(xué)

“We’re not just fighting an epidemic; we’re fighting an infodemic.”

        ——WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus at the Munich Security conference, 15 February 2020

“我們抗擊的不只是流行病，我們還在抗擊信息流行病。”

       ——世衛組織總干事譚德賽博士，2020年2月15日召開(kāi)的慕尼黑安全會(huì )議上的講話(huà)。

Addressing the infodemic, that is, an over-abundance of information on COVID-19 is a crucially important part of responding to the pandemic. On 7-8 April, the WHO Information Network for Epidemics (EPI-WIN) held a two- day, online global consultation to crowdsource ideas on infodemic management from an interdisciplinary group of experts and over 1 300 participants. The meeting produced a WHO framework for managing the COVID19 infodemic and 50 action points, and committed to a follow-up consultation to explore science and evidence for new infodemic interventions, gathering insights and approaches from as wide a range of relevant disciplines as possible.

       解決信息流行病（即關(guān)于COVID-19的信息過(guò)多）是應對大流行的一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的組成部分。4月7日至8日，世衛組織流行病信息網(wǎng)絡(luò )(EPI-WIN)舉行了為期兩天的全球在線(xiàn)研討會(huì )，征集了一個(gè)跨學(xué)科專(zhuān)家小組以及超過(guò)1300名研討會(huì )參與者關(guān)于信息流行病管理的想法。會(huì )議制定了世衛組織用于管理COVID19信息流行病的框架以及50個(gè)行動(dòng)要點(diǎn)，并承諾開(kāi)展后續研討會(huì )，以探討新的信息流行病干預措施的科學(xué)依據和證據，并從盡可能廣泛的相關(guān)學(xué)科中收集見(jiàn)解和方法。

This second scientific consultation opened with a public meeting on 29 June, followed by an invitation-only scientific conference and a series of remote consultations

and parallel discussions between expert teams that will run throughout July, ending with a public webinar on 21 July at which the findings of these discussions will be presented (register for the public webinar here).

       第二次科學(xué)研討會(huì )于6月29日舉行公開(kāi)會(huì )議，隨后召開(kāi)非公開(kāi)科學(xué)會(huì )議和各個(gè)專(zhuān)家小組之間進(jìn)行一系列遠程研討會(huì )以及類(lèi)似話(huà)題的討論會(huì )，這些會(huì )議將在整個(gè)7月期間進(jìn)行，并最終于7月21日舉行公開(kāi)網(wǎng)絡(luò )研討會(huì )，屆時(shí)將介紹這些會(huì )議的成果

The public meeting generated record-breaking attendance: there were 7 862 total connections to the video conferencing platform on which it was held, with a further 3 300 views of the parallel livestream of the event— over 11 000 connections in total. 11 of the talks are available online, along with the programme and graphic summaries of talks.

       這次公開(kāi)會(huì )議創(chuàng )造了破紀錄的參會(huì )人數:總共有7862人連線(xiàn)到舉行會(huì )議的視頻會(huì )議平臺，另外還有3300人觀(guān)看了本次會(huì )議的網(wǎng)絡(luò )直播——總共有超過(guò)11000人參與。目前已有11場(chǎng)講座可以在線(xiàn)觀(guān)看、首次全球信息流行病學(xué)大會(huì )會(huì )前會(huì )議、以及世衛組織首次信息流行病學(xué)會(huì )議相關(guān)摘要。

David Nabarro, WHO COVID-19 Special Envoy, set the tone, emphasizing the importance of empathy during health emergencies and stressing the need to understand individual and community perspectives, and to centre the outbreak and infodemic response on their needs.

       世衛組織2019冠狀病毒病(COVID-19)特使戴維·納巴羅(David Nabarro)奠定了會(huì )議的基調，強調在突發(fā)衛生事件期間同理心的重要性，并強調了解個(gè)人和社區的觀(guān)點(diǎn)的必要性，以及需要將應對疫情和信息流行病的工作重點(diǎn)放在他們的需求上。

Saad Omer of Yale University, USA, then highlighted the cognitive aspects of misinformation and what social science research tells us about the best approaches in a “fact-resistant world.”

       隨后，美國耶魯大學(xué)的薩阿德·奧默爾(Saad Omer)教授著(zhù)重介紹了對錯誤信息的認知，以及社會(huì )科學(xué)研究告訴我們的在“抵制事實(shí)的世界”中最好的方法。

Rustam Haydarov, UNICEF Communication for Development Polio Lead, painted a picture of that resistance in real life, with the sobering example of a real-world infodemic catalysed by a fake video that devastated parents’ vaccine confidence in oral polio vaccine in Peshawar, Pakistan.

       聯(lián)合國兒童基金會(huì )小兒麻痹癥發(fā)展溝通的負責人魯斯塔姆·海達洛夫(Rustam Haydarov)描述了現實(shí)生活中這種抵制事實(shí)的情況，并以巴基斯坦白沙瓦地區的一段假視頻如何引發(fā)現實(shí)世界信息爆炸為例，該視頻讓人們對小兒麻痹癥口服疫苗的信心大受打擊。

Harry Sufehmi, founder of Mafindo, a hoax-busting civil society organization in Indonesia, gave an oral history of Mafindo’s 80 000-strong crowd-sourced efforts to fact check and push back against misinformatio.

       印尼反假新聞社會(huì )組織Mafindo的創(chuàng )始人哈里(Harry Sufehmi)，講述了Mafindo的8萬(wàn)多名成員之前通過(guò)集體的努力進(jìn)行事實(shí)核查并抗擊錯誤信息的情況。

Claire Wardle of First Draft, an organization working to empower people with resilience against misinformation, provided practical tips on how to talk with family members and friends who spread misinformation: “don’t mute your uncles.”

       反對網(wǎng)絡(luò )造謠組織“初稿”(First Draft) 致力于幫助人們抵抗錯誤信息，其執行董事克萊爾·沃德?tīng)?Claire Wardle)提供了一些實(shí)用的建議，告訴人們如何與散布錯誤信息的家人和朋友進(jìn)行溝通:“不要讓你的叔叔閉嘴。”

In the final session, Catherine Gicheru reflected on Kenya’s COVID-19 infodemic, and how misinformation is only part of the problem: too much information of any kind, if not properly contextualized, can trigger frustration and confusion in the general public. Public trust is built on transparent communication and a media landscape that amplifies accurate information.

       在會(huì )議最后一個(gè)環(huán)節中，ICFJ肯尼亞奈特研究員凱瑟琳·吉魯(Catherine Gicheru)談到了肯尼亞COVID-19信息流行病的情況，以及錯誤信息為什么僅僅是問(wèn)題的一部分——任何信息在沒(méi)有適當的背景信息的情況下，一旦過(guò)多，都會(huì )引發(fā)公眾的費解和困惑。公眾信任是建立在透明的溝通和一個(gè)能夠放大準確信息的傳媒界的基礎上。

Finally, Camille Francois discussed the development of an online “cartography” of the infodemic, attempting to understand the channels through which misinformation is spread, and how different social networks offer important clues for infodemic response planning.

       最后，卡米爾·弗朗索瓦（Camille Francois）討論了信息流行病在線(xiàn)“制圖”的發(fā)展情況，試圖了解錯誤信息傳播的渠道，以及不同的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò )如何為應對信息流行病的計劃提供重要的線(xiàn)索。

People joined the meeting from all around the world: in the online polls and Q&A sessions held in parallel with the talks, there were participants from every WHO region and 158 different countries and territories. There was broad professional representation as well, with respondents spread across a wide range of sectors—such participation was encouraging, given how many of the speakers emphasised the crucial importance of a multidisciplinary approach to infodemic response.

       本次會(huì )議的與會(huì )者來(lái)自世界各地：在與會(huì )議同時(shí)進(jìn)行的網(wǎng)上調查問(wèn)卷和問(wèn)答環(huán)節，有來(lái)自世衛組織每個(gè)區域以及158個(gè)不同國家和地區的人參與其中。此外，還有廣泛的專(zhuān)業(yè)代表，受訪(fǎng)者分布于各行各業(yè)——鑒于有多位發(fā)言者都強調了多學(xué)科方法對于應對信息流行病的決定性作用，這樣的參與令人鼓舞。

At the end of the pre-conference, poll results suggested that the consultation had increased listeners’knowledge of infodemic management.

       在會(huì )前會(huì )議結束時(shí)，民意調查結果表明，此次研討會(huì )增加了聽(tīng)眾對信息流行病管理的知識。